hOt

What is Computer - History of Computer

The computer is the implement that is used to process the data according to the procedure that was formulated. Say computer originally is utilised to depict the person that perkerjaan him carry out the calculation aritmatika, with or without aids, but the meaning these words are afterwards moved to the machine personally. The origin at first, the processing of information is almost exclusive am connected with the problem aritmatika, but the modern computer is used for many tasks that are not connected with mathematics. In the definition like that is gotten the implement like slide rule, the kind of the mechanics calculator from abakus et cetera, to all the contemporary electronics computers. The term is better that is suitable for the meaning of the area like”the computer”am”that process information”or”the system of the information processor. “To in more detail, see words”the computer”. Although being like this, the definition above include many special implements that only can count on one or several functions. When considering the modern computer, their characteristics that are most important that distinguish them from the implement count that is earlier am that, with the true programming, all the computers could mengemulasi some sort characteristics (despite perhaps is restricted by the storage capacity and the different speed), and, indeed is believed that the machine could now copy the computer system implement that will be created by us in the future (despite certainly slower). In an understanding, this capacity limit is the test that is useful because recognise Receive this definition. Finally, many people who are not close with the form of the other computer use this term in an exclusive manner to point to the personal computer (PC). When technology that is used to the digital computer has changed dramatically since the first computer during the 1940 ’s (see the History of hardware count for more details), the computer most are still using Von Neumann architecture, that is proposed in the beginning of the 1940 ’s by John von Neumann. Von Neumann architecture depicts the computer with four main parts: the Aritmatika Unit and Logical (the PESTLE), the control unit, the memory, and the input implement and results (collectively is named I/O). This part is connected by the bundle of the wire,”the bus”in this system, the memory is the place byte that is numbered (like”the cell”or”the pigeon hole”), respectively contain a small information. This information possibly becomes the order to say to the computer what must be done. The cell possibly contains the data that is needed the computer to carry out an order. Every time slot possibly contain some, and what now becomes the data possibly afterwards become the order. The memory keeps various forms of information as the binary figure. Information that not yet have the shape of binary will be broken (encoded) with several instructions that change him into a figure or the place of figures. For example: the F Letter is kept as the decimal figure 70 (or the binary figure) Use one of the solution methods. The more complex instruction can be used to keep the picture, the voice, the video, and various information sorts. Information that can be kept in one sell is named one byte. Generally, the memory can be written again more millions of times - the memory could diumpamakan as the blackboard and the lime that can be written and removed again, than the notebook with the pen that cannot be removed. The measurement respectively the cell, and the number of cells, changes intensively from the computer to the computer, and technology in the production of the memory have changed intensively - from relay elektromekanik, to the tube that is filled up with the mercury (and afterwards the spring) where the acoustics pulse is formed, to the permanent magnetic matrix, to each transistor, to the most united circuit with millions of transistors on one chip silicon. The unit Pemproses the Centre or CPU (central processing the unit) berperanan to process the directive, carry out estimating and manage laluan information penetrate system the computer. The unit or the device pemprosesan also will communicate with the device input, output and the deposit for carry out connected directives. In architecture von Neumann that is original, he explains a Aritmatika Unit and Logic, and a Control Unit. In modern computers, the two units are located in one most united circuit (IC - Integrated Circuit), that usually is acknowledged as CPU (Central Processing The unit). The Aritmatika unit and Logic, or Arithmetic Logic the Unit (the PESTLE), am the implement that carries out the implementation of the foundation like the implementation aritmatika (in addition, the reduction, and the like), the logical implementation (AND, SPORT, the NOTE), and the implementation of the comparison (for example, compare the contents totalling two slot for equality). In this unit is carried out”the work”that is real. The control unit keeps the order now that is done by the computer, order the PESTLE to melaksanaan and receive again information (from the memory) that is needed to carry out the order, and move again results to the location of the appropriate memory. Very much that happen, the control unit goes to the following order (usually is placed in slot following, except if the order is the jump order that inform to the computer that the following order is placed in the other location). I/O allows the computer to get information from the outside world, and places results of his work there, can have the shape of physical (hardcopy) or non physical (softcopy). There are various implement sorts of I/O, from that is close keyboard, the monitor and the disk drive, to that is more abnormal like webcam (the camera web, printer, scanner, et cetera. That is owned by all the normal input implements are that they meng-encode (change) information from a kind in the data that can be processed further by the digital computer system. The implement output, men-decode the data in information that can be understood by the user The computer. In this understanding, the digital computer system is the example of the system of the data processor. Order that is discussed above am not the order just like the humane language. The computer only have in the limited number the simple order that is formulated well. The normal order that is understood most computers are”copy the contents of the cell 123, and the place of the imitation on the cell 456″,”add the contents of the cell 666 to the cell 042, and the place resulting from on the cell 013″, and”if the contents of the cell 999 are 0, your following order on the cell 345″. The instruction is represented in the computer as the number - the code to”copy”possibly become 001, for example. An association the special order that is supported by the certain computer is known as the language of the computer machine. In practice, the person usually does not write the order for the computer directly in the machine language but uses the programming language”the high-level”that afterwards is translated in the machine language automatically by the special computer program (interpreter and kompiler). Several programming languages have tight relationship to the machine language, like assembler (the low-level language); on the other side, the language is like the Prologue based on the principle of the abstract that far from details of the implementation in fact by the machine (the high-level language) the contemporary Computer places the PESTLE and the control unit in one most united circuit that is known as Central Processing the Unit or CPU. Usually, the computer memory is placed On several most united circuits that are small close CPU. the Implement that occupies most rooms in the computer is ancilliary the system (for example, to provide the electricity power) or the implement of I/O. Several bigger computers different from the model above in one main matter - they have several of CPU and the control unit that work simultaneously. At first again, several computers, that are used by most for the intention to the research and the scientific computer system, be different significantly from the model above, but they have found few commercial uses. The function from the computer in principle in fact am simple enough. The computer achieves the order and the data from his memory. The order is carried out, results are kept, and the following order is achieved. Again this procedure until the computer is killed. The computer program is the big list order to be done by the computer, perhaps with the data in the table. Many computer programs contain millions of orders, and many of the orders are carried out repeatedly. Some [[Personal computer] modern that is general (during 2003) can carry out approximately 2-3 billion orders in a second. The computer does not receive their extraordinary capacity through the capacity to carry out the complex order. But, they carry out millions of simple orders that is arranged by the clever person,”programmer. “”"Programmer Good develop sets order to carry out the normal task (for example, draw the point in the screen) and Then make sets the order is available to programmer other. “Today, most computers apparently carry out several programs at the same time. This is usually handed over to as multitasking. In fact, CPU carries out the order from one program, afterwards after several times, CPU changes to the second program and carries out several he ordered. The distance of this small time is often handed over to as the slice of time (time-slice). This cause imaginary the multiple program that is carried out in a manner along with give CPU time among the program. This is similar how the film is the series of lightning still frame. The operation system is the program that usually control this time distribute the operation System am a kind of combination from the useful code discount. When a kind of computer code can be used together by be of various types-kind the computer program, after for years, the programmer finally menmindahkan him in the operation system. The operation system, determine whichever program is undertaken, when, and whichever implement (like the memory or I/O) that is used by them. The operation system also gives the service to the other program, like the code (driver) that allow the programmer to write the program for a machine without must know details from all the electronic devices that terhubung. The first digital computer, with the measurement and the big cost, most do the scientific calculation. ENIAC, the US beginning computer was originally designed to count on the table of ballistic knowledge to Weapons (artillery), count the density of the profile of the neutron to see if the hydrogen bomb will work with should (this calculation, that is carried out in December 1945 up until January 1946 and involve dala in more than one million cards punch, show the previous form will under consideration fail). CSIR MK I, the first Australian computer, evaluates the pattern of the rainfall for the place of the reception from Snowy Mountains, a generation project hidroelektrik big. That is other also is used in kriptanalisis, for example the first digital electronics computer, Colossus, is made for the World War II. But, visionaris early also suppose that the programming will allow play the chess, move the picture and the other use. People in the government and the big company also use the computer to mengotomasikan many data collections and do the task that beforehand is done by humankind - for example, maintain and renew the account and the inventory. In the educational field, the scientist in various fields begins to use the computer for their analysis personally. The decline in the price of the computer makes them can be used by the smaller organisation. The business, the organisation, and the government often use a large number of small computers to complete the task that previously is done by the main expensive and big framework computer. The computer collection that is smaller is in one location handed over to as the plantation server. With the discovery of the microprocessor in the 1970 ’s, to possibly Produce the very cheap computer. PC becomes popular for many tasks, including keeping the book, write and print the document. The calculation forecast and so on occur again mathematics with spreadsheet, be connected with e-post and, the Internet. However, the availability of the computer of the area and am easy customization have seen them is used for many other intentions. At the same time, the small computer, usually with arrange program, begin to find their method in the other implement like house equipment, the car, the aircraft, and industrial equipment. This one the processor of the six controls the behaviour of the implement like that that more find it easy, permit the behaviour of the more complex control (for the incident, the development anti-key to the brake in the car). When the twenty-first age is begun, most electricity implements, most forms of the powerful transport, and most production limits are of the factory controlled by the computer. Most engineers forecast that this tend to will continue. For years have had several meanings that are rather different in words”the computer”, and several different words for our matter now usually are acknowledged as the computer. For example”computer”generally has been utilised to mean the person memperkerjakan to carry out the calculation aritmatika, with or without the machine help. According to Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology, these words are used in English during 1646 as words for”the person that count”and then by 1897 also to”the implement count mechanical”. For the War The world Ii these words point to the US female workers and England that his work covers the big road of war artillery with the machine like that. Charles Babbage designs one of the machines count first is mentioned the Analitikal Machine, but because of the problem of technology is not made all his life. Various machine implements that are simple like slide rule good also have mentioned the computer. In several of their cases is handed over to as”the analogous computer”, when they symbolise the number by continuous physical quantities than beside the different binary digit. What now mention”the computer”generally have mentioned”the digital computer”to distinguish them from this other implement (that still is worn in the analogous field the processing of the sign, for example). That think about other words for the computer, that is the price observe that in the other language say that is chosen always do not have the same literal meaning as English words. In the French Language for example, words are”ordinateur”, that is significant approximately”the organiser”, or”separate the machine”. To Spanish is used by words”ordenador”, with the same meaning, although in several of their countries use anglicism computadora. In the Italia Language, the computer is”calcolatore”, the calculator, stress him computational use over that is logical like the sorting. In the Swedish Language, the computer is called”dator”from”the data”. Or at least during the 1950 ’s, they are mentioned”matematikmaskin”(mesin mathematics). In the Tionghoa Language, the computer is called”dien sugar palms”or some”the electricity brain”. In English, other words and the phrase have been second-hand, like”the data processing machine”. 0